Chapter 7
The Muscular System

This chapter was edited and adapted from chapter 10 “Muscle Tissue” of the open source book Anatomy and Physiology 2e from OpenStax (original text available for free at https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e).

When most people think of muscles, they think of the muscles that are visible just under the skin, particularly of the limbs. These are skeletal muscles, so-named because most of them move the skeleton. But there are two other types of muscle in the body, with distinctly different jobs. Cardiac muscle, found in the heart, is concerned with pumping blood through the circulatory system. Smooth muscle is concerned with various involuntary movements, such as having one’s hair stand on end when cold or frightened, or moving food through the digestive system. This chapter will examine the structure and function of these three types of muscles.