In this module, you will learn why it is important to cite, when you should cite, and be introduced to common citation styles. We’ll also learn what plagiarism is and review the UB honor code.

After completing this module, you will be able to:

• explain why citations are important
• determine when citations are needed

Why do we cite?

As a member of an academic institution, you are an academic. You contribute to collectives of knowledge. Your work matters.

You are a member of your discourse, and add knowledge to your field. To contribute to the conversation, you must document and acknowledge your sources. Nothing can be added if you are consciously or unconsciously plagiarizing.

What purpose do citations serve?

Citations are a vital part of academic writing.

What is plagiarism?

The University of Baltimore defines plagiarism as the “copying of the language, structure, ideas, or thoughts of another and representing the same as one’s own” (2016). Both students and faculty are accountable under this policy.

What are common citation styles?

You might already be familiar with common citation styles. Different disciplines typically use a particular citation style, so be sure to check which style your discipline or instructor requires.

Click the titles in the accordion to learn more about each style.

When should I cite?

Citations are necessary at certain times.

Click the arrow on the right side of the image to view four situations in which citations are essential.

Do I need to cite common knowledge?

Common knowledge does not require citation. However, sometimes it’s not clear what constitutes common knowledge. Some things, like the sky being blue, are obvious. But some knowledge is only common to particular discourses.

For instance, the structure of an Italian sonnet might be common knowledge in a creative writing discourse, but not for someone who studies forensic science. Considering your audience is helpful when deciding if something must be cited.

How can I adhere to citations styles?

In-text citations are required every time you cite an idea, concept, or data from your source, or quote your source directly. You can cite in-text in several different ways.

Click the titles in the accordion to learn more about each type of in-text citation.